Buchan, David (1780-1838), explorer, naval officer, surrogate judge, was born in Scotland in 1780. In 1802 or 1803, Buchan married Maria Adye; the Buchans had at least three children. Buchan was reportedly lost in a shipwreck on 8 December 1838, en route from India to England.
Buchan joined the British Navy and was promoted to Lieutenant in 1806. In 1808, Buchan became a convoy officer for the Newfoundland fishing fleet.
Buchan was involved in several initiatives to improve the strained relations between the Newfoundland government and the Beothuk tribes. In the winter of 1810, the Newfoundland Governor, John Duckworth, directed Buchan to travel to the interior of the island and make peaceful contact with the Beothuk. Buchan made the expedition in January 1811, traveling up the Exploits River with a party of 21 marines and 3 guides. Initial contact was promising, and four Beothuk agreed to travel back to Buchan's camp, with two marines left behind with the remaining tribe as hostages. The arrangement was a failure, ending with the murder of the marines. Buchan undertook a second expedition in late 1819, accompanied by John Peyton, Jr., to return the body of Demasduit to her tribe. In 1823, Shanawdithit, her mother, and sister lived with Buchan in St. John's.
Following the ill-fated expedition, Buchan served as surrogate judge at Trinity (1811). In 1818, he was appointed Commanding Officer at his Majesty's Forces on the Newfoundland Station and served as acting governor for the winters of 1816-1818. Both winters were difficult for the residents of St. John's, who suffered from fire and food shortages. Buchan did what he could to improve the situation, including sharing the rations of his crew among some of the residents. In 1820, he served as surrogate judge at the Harbour Grace court. During his tenure at Harbour Grace, he sentenced two fishermen to be flogged for contempt of court. Public outcry against the sentence resulted in a heavy fine against Buchan and the eventual abolition of the surrogate court system. Despite the controversy, Buchan was promoted to Captain in 1823 and sailed to England for the fall. When he returned to Newfoundland in 1825, he was appointed High Sheriff, a position he held until 1835. Following his resignation, he traveled to India.